Bowel cancer screening in Australia: Early detection saves lives

Bowel cancer, the second most common cancer in Australia, affects over 14,200 people annually, with more than 4,000 deaths each year. The risk of developing bowel cancer increases to 1 in 100 after the age of 50, highlighting the importance of regular screening.

What is bowel cancer?

Bowel cancer often begins as a benign growth called a polyp in the colon or rectum. Over 7 to 15 years, some of these polyps can develop into cancer. If detected early, these polyps can be easily removed, preventing the development of cancer. However, if left untreated, bowel cancer can spread and lead to severe consequences, including the need for bowel removal or even death.

The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program

The Australian government’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Program uses the faecal occult blood test (FOBT) to detect microscopic blood in the stool, a potential sign of bowel cancer. The test is available through your GP, pharmacist, or Bowel Cancer Australia.

Screening guidelines

Bowel Cancer Australia recommends the following:

• From age 50: Every two years, undergo the faecal immunochemical test (FIT), a more sensitive version of the FOBT.

• From age 45: If you have a relative diagnosed with bowel cancer at age 55 or older, start screening with FIT every two years.

These tests are essential for detecting bowel cancer early, when it’s most treatable.

Common symptoms of bowel cancer

Though some people may have no symptoms early on, common signs include:

• Blood in the stool

• Changes in bowel habits (diarrhoea, constipation)

• Abdominal pain

• Unexplained weight loss

• Loss of appetite

• Iron deficiency (often with low haemoglobin)

A positive FOBT or any of these symptoms should prompt further investigation, such as a colonoscopy.

Diagnosis and treatment

A colonoscopy allows doctors to visually inspect the bowel and remove any polyps or tumours. If cancer is detected, treatment may involve removing the tumour or part of the colon, and possibly chemotherapy or radiation.

Prevention and early detection

Regular screening is key to preventing the disease. Early detection through colonoscopies and the removal of polyps can significantly reduce the risk of cancer. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol, also lowers your risk.

If you're over 50 or have a family history of bowel cancer, speak with your GP about screening options to stay proactive about your health. Early detection saves lives.

Depending on what stage you are at, Colonoscopy’s may be done as a preventative measure to visually inspect the bowel to ensure there are no polyps or cancers. Prevention is always best for any condition, however this is especially the case with bowel cancer as it can be fatal.

In the case where a cancer is diagnosed – or a polyp is found on an initial colonoscopy, removal will be the likely action taken. In the case of more advanced cancers, other treatments may also be required.

Preparation for a procedure is key, as some preparation can start up to 7 days prior. In your consultation, Dr. Suhirdan will explain what preparation you require for your procedure and also advise you about your medication (if you take any). For full details and downloads, please refer to:

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