Understand symptoms, treatments, and when to seek medical help for stomach bugs or gastro. Gastroenteritis treatment is often straightforward but needs careful attention to symptoms and hydration.
Gastroenteritis, or ‘gastro’, is a common intestinal infection that causes vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, and other uncomfortable symptoms. While most cases are mild and resolve on their own, some can lead to complications if not properly managed. This guide walks you through the causes of gastroenteritis, how to treat it at home, and when it’s important to see a healthcare professional. By understanding the symptoms and the gastroenteritis treatment process, you can reduce the risk of dehydration, support a faster recovery, and prevent spreading it to others.
What causes gastroenteritis?
- Viral infections are the leading cause: The most frequent cause of gastroenteritis is a viral infection. Norovirus and rotavirus are common culprits, especially in schools, childcare centres, and aged care facilities. These viruses tend to spread quickly in group settings.
- Bacterial contamination from food or water: Consuming contaminated food or water can introduce harmful bacteria like Salmonella, E. coli, or Campylobacter into your digestive system. These types of gastroenteritis can lead to more severe symptoms and may require medical attention.
- Parasites acquired during travel: Although less common, parasites like Giardia can cause gastroenteritis after consuming contaminated water or exposure to unsanitary environments. These infections can result in long-lasting symptoms that require specific medications.
- Person-to-person transmission is common: Gastroenteritis can spread easily through close personal contact, especially when hand hygiene is poor. Sharing bathrooms, kitchens, or eating utensils increases the risk of spreading infections within households, care homes, or workplaces.
Common symptoms of gastroenteritis
Diarrhoea and vomiting appear suddenly
One of the first signs of gastroenteritis is the sudden onset of watery diarrhoea and nausea. Vomiting may also occur, making it harder to keep fluids down. These symptoms can begin within hours of infection and may last a few days.
Stomach cramps and discomfort are frequent
Abdominal pain or cramping is another common symptom of this condition, caused by inflammation and irritation of the gastrointestinal lining. The abdominal discomfort can vary from mild to intense and may come and go throughout the day.
Fatigue and fever may develop
Viral forms of gastroenteritis often include a low-grade fever, chills, body aches, and a general sense of exhaustion. These symptoms typically resolve once the infection runs its course. These symptoms usually pass with rest and hydration.
Dehydration is a serious risk
As the body loses fluids through vomiting and diarrhoea, it can quickly become dehydrated. Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, dizziness, and dark yellow urine. In young children and older adults, dehydration can develop rapidly.
What does gastroenteritis treatment involve?
- Hydration is the first priority: Replacing lost fluids is the most important part of gastroenteritis treatment. Water, clear broths, and oral rehydration solutions are recommended. These help restore the body’s electrolyte balance and support recovery.
- Dietary adjustments support healing: When appetite returns, choose bland and easy-to-digest foods. Bananas, toast, rice, and boiled potatoes are generally well tolerated. Avoid dairy, fatty foods, caffeine, and alcohol until symptoms have resolved.
- Rest and isolation reduce spread: Taking time off from school or work allows the body to recover and helps prevent passing the illness on to others. You should remain at home until at least 48 hours after symptoms stop, as you may still be contagious.
- Use medication with caution: Avoid unprescribed antibiotics, as they may be ineffective against viral gastroenteritis. Over-the-counter anti-diarrhoeal meds should only be used under medical advice, especially if the cause of symptoms is unknown.
When should you see a doctor?
Symptoms lasting more than a few days
While many cases improve within 48 to 72 hours, symptoms that persist or worsen beyond this point should be assessed by a doctor. An extended illness may require lab testing to identify a bacterial or parasitic infection.
Fever or blood in the stools is concerning
If you experience a high fever, blood in your vomit or stools, or severe abdominal pain, seek medical advice immediately. These may be signs of a more serious underlying condition and could turn harmful if left unchecked.
Inability to stay hydrated
If you are unable to keep fluids down or notice signs of dehydration, immediate medical treatment may be needed. Also, children and elderly people are particularly at risk and should be monitored closely during illness.
Recent overseas travel or risk exposure
If you’ve recently returned from travel or consumed food or water in high-risk areas, mention this during your medical visit. Some infections acquired overseas require specific treatment protocols or further testing.
Preventing gastroenteritis
Regular hand washing is essential
Proper hand hygiene helps reduce the spread of gastroenteritis. Always wash your hands with soap and water after using the toilet, changing nappies, or preparing food.
Safe food handling protects everyone
Ensure meat is fully cooked, fresh produce is washed, and leftovers are stored properly. Avoid consuming expired products, and follow food safety guidelines at home.
Disinfecting surfaces stops transmission
During an outbreak at home or work, it’s important to clean commonly touched surfaces such as doorknobs, bathroom fixtures, and kitchen counters with disinfectant.
Avoid sharing personal items during illness
To reduce the spread of infection, avoid sharing towels, utensils, and drink bottles with others, especially while symptoms are active and shortly after recovery.
Caring for children and older adults
Watch for signs of dehydration
Children and elderly people may not always communicate how they feel. Check for reduced urination, dry lips, sunken eyes, or lethargy. These may indicate they need medical attention.
Use age-appropriate hydration solutions
Rehydration drinks or electrolyte ice blocks can be helpful, especially if the person has trouble drinking large amounts of fluid. Always follow dosage and age recommendations.
Encourage comfort and rest
Providing a calm and quiet environment allows the body to recover. Gentle reassurance, small sips of water, and frequent rest breaks can make a big difference during recovery.
Seek advice if recovery is slow
If there’s no improvement after a couple of days, or if symptoms interfere with eating and drinking, call a paediatrician or GP familiar with elderly care. They may recommend testing.
FAQs
You should wait at least 48 hours after your last episode of vomiting or diarrhoea before returning to work. Even if you feel better, you may still be contagious.
Probiotics may support gut recovery in some cases, especially after bacterial infections. However, they should not replace rehydration or professional treatment when needed.
Yes. Different viruses and bacteria cause gastroenteritis, so it's possible to be infected multiple times with different strains or organisms.
They can be similar, but food poisoning is specifically caused by contaminated food or drink, whereas gastroenteritis can also be spread through personal contact or viruses in the environment.
Not sure how to handle gastroenteritis symptoms?
It’s completely understandable to feel unsure when dealing with sudden stomach issues. Whether it’s you, your child, or someone in your care, gastroenteritis can come on quickly and leave you wondering what to do next.
Knowing the signs, staying on top of hydration, and recognising when it’s time to see a doctor are key steps in managing the condition safely. Even if most cases clear up on their own, a little guidance can go a long way.
If you’re ever in doubt, don’t hesitate to speak with a gastroenterologist in Sydney. The right advice for gastroenteritis treatment at the right time can help you recover faster and avoid complications.
MEET DR. SUHIRDAN
Interventional Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist
Bsc (Med) | M.B.B.S. (Hons) | FRACP
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