What is acid reflux and GORD?
Acid reflux occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing discomfort commonly known as heartburn. While it can happen occasionally for many, frequent acid reflux can lead to a more persistent condition known as gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). This chronic form of acid reflux affects approximately 7.5% of Australians, according to the Australian Family Physician. The difference lies in the frequency and severity of symptoms, with GORD often causing more noticeable symptoms and requiring medical management.
The role of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in diagnosing acid reflux
An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, also called upper GI endoscopy, is a minimally invasive procedure that allows specialists to examine the upper digestive tract, including the oesophagus, stomach, and upper part of the small intestine. During this procedure, a thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera is inserted through the mouth, allowing a detailed view of the digestive tract lining.
Upper GI endoscopy is instrumental in assessing acid reflux because it can reveal signs of damage that may have resulted from prolonged acid exposure. This visual insight is crucial for understanding how acid reflux may have affected the oesophagus, providing a basis for more tailored treatment approaches.
When an endoscopy may be recommended
Upper GI endoscopy is often advised when symptoms suggest more significant digestive issues. Signs that may prompt a doctor to recommend an endoscopy for acid reflux evaluation include:
Persistent heartburn
When heartburn is continuous and does not respond to over-the-counter or prescription treatments.
Difficulty swallowing
Experiencing pain or difficulty when swallowing food may indicate damage to the oesophagus.
Unexplained weight loss
Unexpected weight changes or anaemia may signal that further investigation is necessary.
Chronic cough or hoarseness
Acid reflux may cause respiratory symptoms, such as a persistent cough or hoarseness.
Chest pain
Non-cardiac chest pain can sometimes stem from acid reflux and may benefit from endoscopic examination.
These symptoms may suggest that acid reflux has caused complications, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy can help determine the extent of any issues.
How endoscopy aids in managing acid reflux
Endoscopy provides a comprehensive view of the upper digestive tract, making it valuable for understanding the severity of acid reflux. During the examination, the specialist can assess the oesophagus for inflammation or damage, such as oesophagitis or Barrett’s oesophagus—conditions that result from prolonged acid exposure and may require targeted treatment. This insight allows the healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate management options.
Endoscopy results often guide treatment decisions, as they highlight specific areas where acid reflux may have caused issues. By identifying the extent of inflammation or structural changes in the oesophagus, doctors can create a personalised treatment plan, which can be especially beneficial for patients with more severe or long-standing symptoms.
Treatment approaches guided by endoscopy results
Following an upper GI endoscopy, treatment plans can be tailored based on the specific findings. Options may include:
Medications
Medications such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used to reduce stomach acid production, helping to minimise reflux symptoms and protect the oesophagus.
Lifestyle adjustments
Patients may be advised to make lifestyle changes, such as adjusting meal sizes, avoiding trigger foods, and timing meals to prevent late-night reflux.
Surgical options
In more severe cases, surgical interventions, like fundoplication, may be recommended to prevent stomach acid from flowing back into the oesophagus.
Each patient’s treatment plan is unique and often combines medication, lifestyle changes, and, in some cases, surgical options, depending on the severity of symptoms and the endoscopy findings.
FAQs
Upper GI endoscopy is typically not painful, as a sedative is usually given to make patients comfortable. Many people only experience mild discomfort.
The procedure generally takes about 15–30 minutes. Including recovery time, patients can expect to spend approximately one to two hours at the clinic.
Yes, preparation may involve fasting for a few hours before the procedure to ensure an empty stomach, allowing for a clear view during the examination.
While endoscopy is primarily diagnostic, certain minor treatments, such as tissue biopsies, can be performed during the procedure if necessary.
The frequency varies based on your symptoms and overall health. Your doctor will recommend follow-up intervals depending on the findings of your initial endoscopy and your condition’s severity.
Take control of your digestive health today
If you are experiencing ongoing acid reflux symptoms, such as heartburn, difficulty swallowing, or chronic cough, it may be time to consider an endoscopic investigation. This procedure may help provide a clearer picture of your digestive health and can be the first step toward effective symptom management.
Consulting with a specialist can help you understand the causes of your symptoms and guide you in finding lasting relief—get in touch with one today.
MEET DR. SUHIRDAN
Interventional Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist
Bsc (Med) | M.B.B.S. (Hons) | FRACP
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