What are stomach parasites?
Stomach parasites, also known as intestinal parasites, are organisms that live in the digestive tract of humans and other animals. Stomach parasites are prevalent worldwide, with intestinal parasitic infections affecting 30-60% of people in developing tropical and subtropical areas.
Common protozoa include Entamoeba histolytica, which was the most frequent parasite in a recent study with a prevalence of 33.3%, and Giardia lamblia, which was less common at 11.1%. Helminths, such as roundworms (Ascaris lumbricoides) and hookworms, also contribute to the burden.
These parasites infect humans primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food, water, or soil, and can spread via poor sanitation and hygiene practices. They often cause symptoms like diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and nausea, and can significantly impact health and quality of life.
What are the common symptoms of stomach parasites?
Stomach parasite infections can cause a range of symptoms that affect both the digestive system and overall health. These symptoms can vary based on the type of parasite involved and the severity of the infection. Recognising these signs early can help in seeking timely medical attention and preventing further complications.
Here are some common signs and symptoms to watch for:
| Digestive Symptoms | General Symptoms |
|---|---|
| Abdominal pain or cramping | Weight loss |
| Bloating and gas | Fever |
| Nausea and vomiting | Inflamed anus |
| Constipation | Unexplained rashes |
| Appetite loss or increased hunger | Anaemia (due to blood loss from parasites) |
Digestive Symptoms
Abdominal pain or cramping
Bloating and gas
Nausea and vomiting
Constipation
Appetite loss or increased hunger
General Symptoms
Weight loss
Fever
Inflamed anus
Unexplained rashes
Anaemia (due to blood loss from parasites)
If these symptoms persist, it’s essential to seek medical attention for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
How to diagnose stomach parasites?
If you experience symptoms such as persistent diarrhoea, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Early detection and treatment can prevent complications and improve recovery outcomes.
Diagnosing stomach parasites involves several methods to accurately identify the type of infection.
Common diagnostic tests include:
Stool sample analysis
This is the most common diagnosis test, where a sample of stool is examined for the presence of parasite eggs, larvae, or cysts. Multiple samples may be needed for accurate results.
Blood tests
These can detect the presence of antibodies or antigens related to specific parasites, and assess for signs of anaemia or elevated eosinophils, which can indicate a parasitic infection.
Endoscopy or colonoscopy
In some cases, a specialist may use endoscopy or colonoscopy to directly view and collect samples from the gastrointestinal tract for precise diagnosis and stomach parasite treatment.
Imaging tests
Ultrasound, CT scans, or X-rays can help identify complications or visualise larger parasites, aiding in accurate gastrointestinal diagnosis and effective stomach parasite treatment.
If these symptoms persist, it’s essential to seek medical attention for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
What are the treatment options available for stomach parasites?
Stomach parasite treatment typically involves medication and, in some cases, natural remedies.
Prescription antiparasitic drugs
Commonly prescribed medications include albendazole, mebendazole, and metronidazole. These drugs target specific parasites and are generally effective in eliminating them. Side effects may include nausea, abdominal pain, and headaches.
Herbal supplements
Garlic, ginger, and wormwood are thought to have antiparasitic properties, but their effectiveness is less well-established than that of prescription medications. While they may offer supportive benefits, they should not replace medical treatments.
Diet adjustments
A diet rich in fibre and low in sugar can aid digestive health management and support recovery from parasitic infections. Incorporating probiotics into your diet may also help restore gut balance and improve overall digestive function.
Other alternatives
Maintaining good hygiene and avoiding contaminated food and water are crucial steps in preventing stomach parasite infections. Proper handwashing, safe food preparation, and drinking clean water can significantly reduce the risk of infection.
If you experience symptoms such as persistent diarrhoea, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss, it’s essential to consult a gastrointestinal specialist. Timely medical evaluation and treatment are key to effectively managing and resolving stomach parasite infections.
FAQs
Signs of a stomach parasite can include persistent diarrhoea, abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and unexplained weight loss. You might also experience fatigue and changes in appetite. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of parasite.
If you suspect a parasitic infection, consult a healthcare professional. They can perform diagnostic tests, such as stool analysis or blood tests, to confirm the presence of parasites and prescribe appropriate medication for treatment.
A stool with a parasitic infection may appear loose, watery, or contain visible parasites. You might also notice mucus or blood in the stool. For a definitive diagnosis, a stool sample analysis by a healthcare provider is necessary.
Consult a gastrointestinal specialist for diagnosis and treatment of stomach parasites
If you’re experiencing symptoms like persistent diarrhoea, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss, it's crucial to consult a gastrointestinal specialist. Dr Suhirdan Vivekanandarajah is trained to accurately diagnose stomach parasites and provide targeted intestinal parasite treatment.
Don’t wait for gastrointestinal symptoms to worsen—seek professional help to get the right diagnosis and treatment, ensuring a faster and more effective recovery. Your health and well-being are important, so trust a specialist to guide you through the process.
MEET DR. SUHIRDAN
Interventional Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist
Bsc (Med) | M.B.B.S. (Hons) | FRACP
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