What is the role of surgical gastroenterology in cancer care?

A specialised field focused on the gastrointestinal tract

Surgical gastroenterology focuses exclusively on conditions affecting the digestive tract, including the oesophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, intestines, and associated organs. It combines advanced surgical techniques with a deep understanding of gastrointestinal physiology and pathology.

Key responsibilities in cancer care

Surgical gastroenterologists are responsible for procedures such as tumour removal, surgical staging of cancers, and creating reconstructions to maintain gastrointestinal function. Their work is often critical in providing options for patients when cancers are detected at operable stages.

Types of surgeries performed

Common surgeries include tumour resections, bypass procedures to relieve obstructions, and palliative surgeries aimed at improving patient comfort and quality of life. Complex surgeries such as partial or total organ removal may also be necessary, depending on the cancer's spread and location.

Advanced techniques in modern surgical practice

Modern gastrointestinal surgery increasingly utilises minimally invasive surgical techniques, such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgeries. These surgical approaches often lead to shorter hospital stays, less pain, and quicker recovery times compared to traditional open surgery.

Diagnosis and staging of gastrointestinal cancers

Surgical gastroenterologists often play a role early in the cancer journey by obtaining tissue samples via biopsy and performing diagnostic procedures such as endoscopic ultrasound. Accurate staging through these methods is critical to creating an effective treatment plan.

Surgical interventions for cancer treatment

Surgeries may involve removing the primary tumour, nearby lymph nodes, or parts of surrounding organs if the cancer has spread. Depending on the case, surgical intervention might aim for cure, prolongation of life or improving quality of life, or palliation of symptoms.

Post-surgical care and monitoring

Following surgery, surgical gastroenterologists are closely involved in postoperative care. Some of their responsibilities include monitoring for complications such as infection or leakage, managing nutritional needs, and supporting patients on their road to recovery.

Collaboration with a multidisciplinary team

Usually, surgical gastroenterology does not operate in isolation. Specialists work collaboratively with medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists to develop personalised treatment plans that reflect each patient's specific circumstances.

Early detection and immediate treatment options

Gastrointestinal surgery facilitates the early detection and surgical removal of cancers at a stage where curative treatment is possible. Surgery can help prevent the spread of cancer to other organs when identified early.

Improved outcomes and enhanced quality of life

For many patients, surgical interventions result in better symptom control, extended survival, and the preservation of vital organ function. Surgery often offers relief from distressing symptoms such as pain or obstruction.

Advantages of minimally invasive surgery

Minimally invasive surgical techniques enable reduced hospital stays, fewer post-operative complications, and quicker return to normal activities. These methods reflect the ongoing advancements within gastrointestinal surgery.

A comprehensive, patient-centred approach

Surgeons are integral to multidisciplinary cancer care teams. Their collaboration with other specialists ensures patients benefit from a holistic approach that considers surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and supportive care.