Intestinal parasites live and thrive within the digestive tract, often relying on their host for nutrients to survive. These parasites can vary in size, from microscopic organisms like protozoa to larger worms such as tapeworms and roundworms. Infections caused by these parasites can lead to a range of health issues, from mild digestive discomfort, including bloating, gas, and diarrhoea, to more severe complications such as malnutrition, dehydration, and even organ damage in extreme cases. Recognising the different types of intestinal parasites is crucial for receiving the right treatment and preventing further health problems.
It’s estimated that around 25% of people worldwide are affected by intestinal parasites at some point in their lives, with developing countries being particularly at risk due to factors such as poor sanitation and limited access to healthcare. While some parasitic infections can resolve without treatment, others can lead to more serious health concerns and require medical intervention. Early identification and treatment can help minimise the impact of the infection and support long-term gut health.
Types of intestinal parasites
Protozoa
Protozoa are microscopic, single-celled organisms that can cause infections through contaminated food, water, or contact with infected surfaces. These parasites can multiply within the human body, potentially leading to prolonged illness if left untreated.
Helminths
Helminths are larger parasitic worms that can enter the body through contaminated food or undercooked meat. Unlike protozoa, these intestinal parasites do not multiply within the host but can survive for years, sometimes causing significant health issues.
Threadworm
Threadworms, also called pinworms, are a type of roundworm that causes strongyloidiasis, a condition that can persist for years without symptoms or lead to more serious complications. It is transmitted through direct contact with contaminated soil.
Ectoparasites
Ectoparasites do not typically reside in the intestines but can still play a role in transmitting intestinal parasites. These external parasites, such as fleas and lice, can contribute to infections by contaminating food sources or causing skin irritation.
How do people get intestinal parasites?
Understanding the transmission of intestinal parasites may help in reducing the risk of infection. Common sources include:
Contaminated food & water: Consuming unwashed produce, untreated water, or improperly cooked meat.
Poor hygiene & sanitation: Not washing hands before having a meal or after using the bathroom.
Travel to high-risk areas: Visiting regions with lower sanitation standards increases exposure.
- Animal & insect transmission: Pets and insects can carry parasites that may be passed to humans.
Prevention tips
Reducing the risk of infection requires simple yet effective hygiene and dietary practices. Some preventive measures include:
Washing hands, especially before meals and after handling animals.
Drinking clean, treated water and avoiding untreated sources.
Ensuring meat is cleaned and fully cooked before consumption.
Practising good hygiene and maintaining clean living spaces.
When to see a doctor
While mild infections may clear up on their own, medical attention is recommended if you experience:
- Persistent digestive symptoms such as prolonged diarrhoea, bloating, or abdominal pain.
- Symptoms following travel to high-risk areas, especially where sanitation standards differ.
- Unexplained weight loss or skin rashes that do not resolve even after a long period.
- New or worsening symptoms despite self-treatment efforts and taking other precautions.
Taking action early could help manage infections effectively and prevent complications.
FAQs
If left untreated, some intestinal parasites may lead to chronic digestive issues, nutritional deficiencies, and, in severe cases, organ damage. Certain infections can also cause complications in individuals with weakened immune systems.
Yes, warmer and humid climates tend to have a higher prevalence of intestinal parasites due to favourable conditions for transmission. Regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation are also more affected.
Children, particularly those in daycare or school settings, may be at greater risk due to frequent hand-to-mouth contact and exposure to contaminated surfaces. Teaching proper hygiene practices can help reduce transmission.
The lifespan of an intestinal parasite varies depending on the species. Some can persist for months, while others, such as tapeworms, may survive for years if left untreated.
Make your gut health a priority
If you’re dealing with persistent digestive discomfort, it's important not to ignore it. Symptoms of intestinal parasites can take a toll on your health, affecting your daily life and overall well-being. Seeking prompt medical advice can be the first step toward effective treatment and relief.
Getting on top of a parasitic infection early can help prevent more serious complications and promote a healthier gut in the future. Whether it's through prescribed medication, dietary changes, or better hygiene practices, there are effective ways to regain control of your digestive health. Don’t wait for the symptoms to worsen—speak with a healthcare professional to discuss the right treatment options for you.
The sooner you take action, the quicker you can start feeling better. Don’t hesitate—take charge of your gut health by starting intestinal parasite treatment today.
MEET DR. SUHIRDAN
Interventional Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist
Bsc (Med) | M.B.B.S. (Hons) | FRACP
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