If your newborn is spitting up frequently or crying during feeds, you’re not alone. Acid reflux is a common issue in babies, especially in the first few months. While it’s usually not a cause for serious concern, knowing what to expect and how to manage it can make a big difference to your baby’s comfort and your peace of mind. We break down what causes reflux, what symptoms to watch for, and how to support your baby through this phase with confidence.
Why do newborns get acid reflux?
Immature digestive system
The muscle between the stomach and oesophagus, called the lower oesophageal sphincter, may not yet be strong enough to stay closed during or after feeds. This means that milk and stomach acid can travel back up more easily.
Flat feeding position
Feeding your baby while they’re lying flat can make it easier for milk to come back up the oesophagus, leading to acid reflux. A more upright position can help gravity keep the contents of the stomach where they belong.
Overfeeding or fast feeding
In most cases, newborns can take in too much milk too quickly, particularly when bottle-fed or if the milk flow is fast. A full stomach creates extra pressure, increasing the chances of reflux happening shortly after a feed.
Outgrowing the issue
Fortunately, most babies outgrow acid reflux as their digestive systems mature. As the muscles strengthen and they begin sitting up more often, common reflux symptoms usually reduce without needing any medical treatment.
How can you tell if your newborn has acid reflux?
- Frequent spitting up: Spitting up small amounts of milk after a feed is normal, but if it’s happening very often, especially during or shortly after most feeds, it may be a sign of acid reflux in a newborn.
- Discomfort during feeds: Babies with reflux might arch their backs, grimace, or cry while feeding. This can be caused by acid irritating the lining of the oesophagus as it flows back up from the stomach.
- Feeding refusal: If your baby begins to associate feeding with pain or discomfort, they may refuse to feed altogether. This can make it harder for them to stay hydrated and gain weight appropriately.
- Poor weight gain: Over time, if reflux is interfering with feeding, it can lead to slow or inadequate weight gain. Regular growth checks with your health nurse can help spot any concerns early on.
What’s the difference between normal reflux and GORD in babies?
Frequency of symptoms
Acid reflux in a newborn may happen occasionally without causing major issues. GORD involves more persistent symptoms that interfere with daily feeding and comfort.
Associated pain or discomfort
Babies with normal reflux might not seem too bothered by it, but those with GORD often show signs of pain. They may cry for long periods or have trouble sleeping.
Impact on growth
Normal reflux doesn’t usually affect a baby’s ability to gain weight. If weight gain slows or stops, or if your baby starts losing weight, you should seek help.
Medical diagnosis required
Only a doctor can confirm whether your baby has GORD. This diagnosis is typically made after considering symptoms and sometimes further medical investigation.
What helps soothe a baby with reflux?
Keep the baby upright after feeds
Holding your baby upright for 20 to 30 minutes after feeding may help reduce reflux episodes. This is because gravity helps keep milk in the stomach and reduces the chance of it coming back up.
Offer smaller, frequent feeds
Feeding your baby smaller amounts more frequently can prevent their stomach from becoming overly full, which often triggers reflux. This method works well for both breast and bottle feeding.
Burp regularly
Stopping to burp your baby while feeding them and after finishing feeding them can help release any air they’ve swallowed, reducing the pressure on the stomach and making reflux less likely.
Adjust the bottle feeding technique
If your baby is bottle-fed, using a slow-flow teat or changing how the bottle is held can help control the pace of feeding. This may reduce how much air your baby swallows and prevent overfeeding.
FAQs
Some babies may experience more noticeable reflux at night due to lying flat for extended periods. Raising the head of the mattress slightly can sometimes help, but always speak to a health professional before making changes to sleeping arrangements.
For some babies, tummy time right after a feed might worsen reflux symptoms. It’s best to wait until your baby has had time to digest their milk before placing them on their stomach.
Silent reflux refers to when stomach contents flow back up but are swallowed again rather than spat out. It can still cause discomfort, even though there’s no visible spitting up.
Some parents explore probiotics as a possible aid for digestion, but research is still ongoing. It's important to consult your GP or paediatrician before trying any supplements for your baby.
Want to feel more confident about managing acid reflux in your newborn?
Acid reflux in a newborn may seem alarming, and it’s completely normal to feel concerned or unsure about what to do next. Learning about the causes, symptoms, and gentle ways to support your little one can help you feel more in control and ready to care for them effectively.
Although acid reflux in a newborn can be worrying, most babies improve with time and simple adjustments to feeding and positioning. You’re not alone in this, and many parents find that understanding and an endoscopic investigation into the condition make a big difference to their baby’s comfort and their peace of mind.
If you have any doubts or your baby’s symptoms seem severe, reaching out to your GP or a paediatrician is a good step. Getting professional advice can help you find the best approach for your baby’s health and wellbeing, so you can feel more settled and supported.
MEET DR. SUHIRDAN
Interventional Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist
Bsc (Med) | M.B.B.S. (Hons) | FRACP
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